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Social and economic life of the Araweté
thrives to a binary pace: forest and village, hunting
and farming, rain and drought, scattering and concentrating.
At the first rainfall in November and December, cornfields
are sown. As each family completes sowing, they abandon
the village for the field, where they remain until the
corn is about to he harvested - approximately three months.
Men hunt, catch tortoises, harvest honey; women pick Brazilian
nuts, babassu nuts, grubs, fruits, roast whatever little
corn was left over from the previous crop which they brought
along with them. This scattering stage is called awacï
mo-tiarã, "to make corn ripen"- they
claim that is they do not go to the forest, corn will
wilt and die.
In February and March, following a number of
inspection trips to the fields, someone finally brings
some corn hair to camp, showing the maturity of the
plant. The last great tortoise shaman ceremony is then
performed - an activity typical of the rainy season
- as well as the first great opirahe dance which is
characteristic of the village-dwelling stage which is
about to start. This is "green corn season",
the beginning of the Araweté year.
Only after all families have come back to the
village the first cauim (sweet corn gruel) divination
is performed, to be followed by others, the corn for
each feast is collectively stored in the field of one
family, but processed by each household in the village.
This is a time when women prepare huge quantities of
urucum, giving the village an overall red ambiance.
From April and May rainfall diminishes and village life
stabilizes, highlighted by the processing of ripe corn,
which yields mepi - corn pemmican, the dry season
staple.
June through October is the season of alcoholic
cauim, which is called "sour cauim
season." It is the height of drought. Evenings
thrive under the thrum of opirahe dances, which
increase in intensity during the weeks when cauim
is made. This beverage is prepared for the entire family
of household, from the corn yielded by their own fields.
There may be several feasts during the dry season thrown
by different families. They usually gather more than
one village (when the Araweté had different local
groups) and still are the highlight of sociability.
The alcoholic cauim feast is a great opirahe
night dance when guest men, attended to by the host
family, dance and sing throughout the night.
At the final stage of fermentation of the drink
(the entire process takes about twenty days) men leave
for a collective hunt. They return one week later, bringing
much singed meat and will refrain from hunting for several
days. On the eve of the hunters arrival there
is a shaman ceremony is held to call the Maï
and the souls of the departed ones, to try out the new
cauim.
From July - August, the frequency and duration
of scattering movements begin to increase. Families
move out to the fields, even though they are not far
from the village, and set camp there for a fortnight
or longer. That is the "corn-breaking", when
all standing corn is harvested and stored in large baskets,
deposited on makeshift gantries built on the periphery
of the fields. Thence families are supplied through
the end of the dry season, when the remaining baskets
are taken to new corn fields.
This field season gathers more than one household
in each camp - either because the field belongs to a
household section, or because the owners of adjoining
fields decide to camp together. During the corn-breaking
season, men hunt every day, while women and children
harvest the ears of corn, grind corn for flour and weave;
this is also the cotton harvest season.
Starting in September, the cauim season
begins to yield to açaí and honey.
The arrival of spirits Iaraci, the açaí
eater, and Ayaraetã, the father of honey,
brought to the villages by the shamans, causes all to
leave to the forest in search of products associated
to these spirits.
In October - November, with the river waters
at the lowest level, the Araweté fish with timbó
weed, which also entail fragmentation of the village
into smaller groups.
The scatter entailed by all these gathering
and fishing activities is once again counterbalanced
by the demands posed by corn.
Cutting for new fields begins by September;
by late October burning begins; the first rains begin
in November and December, to be followed by sowing before
the scattering of the rain season. Before they leave
for the forest, they harvest cassava, whose flour will
complement venison and honey yielded by the forest.
This is the Araweté annual cycle: a constant
shift between the village and the forest, agriculture
and hunting-gathering, rainy and dry season. Village
life is under the aegis of corn and its most elaborate
product, alcoholic cauim, life in the forest
is under the aegis of the tortoise and honey.
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