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The village is located on a large island on the
left side of the mid-Uaçá River. The houses
are arranged in the form of a half-moon, bordering on
a submerged field. The village has grown a great deal
in the last few years and is not limited only to the cluster
of houses bordering the field, but rather extends into
the interior of the island. Presently there are 163 houses
occupied by, on the average, six to ten people. The houses
are very close to one another and the space available
for new constructions is already scarce. A great deal
of the forest has already been destroyed and the soil
is showing signs of erosion at various points. The spatial
distribution of the houses on the island is organized
in four points. The oldest is the point of
the Mango or the Captain. In the middle of the island
is located Vila Nova street. Then, Bacaba Point street.
The street of the port or post, also called Point of the
Group in the past, because of the school, does not include
indigenous dwellings. The FUNAI post, the school, the
infirmary, teachers lodgings, and the CIMI headquarters
are located there. A bit closer to the center, there are
the church and bell of the community and the Festival
House or Great House, imposing in its dimensions, which
was totally rebuilt by the community in 1996 and inaugurated
on the 5th of August for the festival of Holy
Mary. Actually this part of the village is divided into
three blocks which represent, in reality, the external
institutions and/or agents which maintain a presence in
the village.
The FUNAI buildings are poorly conserved. The
schools, new buildings and repairs on old buildings
have been financed through an agreement between the
government of Amapá and the APIO (Indigenous
Peoples Organization of Amapá). CIMI has
only one simple, little house. The community area, with
the Church and the House of Festivals, is in the center
of town. This area is maintained by the entire community
through collective work parties and work teams"
under the guidance of a leader. These leaders, heads
of extended families who occupy an area of the village
are also responsible for collecting the contributions
of each family to pay for fuel, necessary for lighting
in the village and, sometimes, other services.
One can speak of an effort to urbanize
the town of Kumarumã, because of the tracing
of the streets and electric lightposts. A large watertower
was built and a network of pipes was installed to supply
water to the houses, but as yet these are not functioning.
There is a tendency for rapid growth, especially in
Bacaba Point where the area built extends far beyond
the landing field. On the other hand, the whole area
of forest between Vila Nova and Mango Point is already
totally destroyed and occupied by new dwellings. The
availability of potable water, the lack of sewage and
disposal of household and pharmaceutical waste are problems
that demand urgent solutions. From the social point
of view, there is another concern, the impossibility
of a newly-married couple to build their house next
to their mother/mother-in-law, due to lack of space,
thus destructuring the matrilocal residence rule, one
of the few traditional institutions still functioning.
To get to the village from the riverbed, canoes
use a canal, le canal bax which goes to the FUNAI
post. Today two large wooden bridges pass over the fields
which are flooded in the winter and muddy in the summer.
In the winter, canoes are able to get to the banks of
the island where the houses for preparing and storing
farinha, or cabé, and the individual docks
where the Indians make their canoes are located. In
the summer, several families still use improvised bridges
made of miriti trunks.
The majority of the houses are built on stilts,
rectangular in shape with wooden walls and floorboards.
A little stairs provides access to the entrance. Generally,
there is one or several internal divisions, separating
the main room from the sleeping quarters. The Galibi-Marworno
normally sleep on mats made of rush covered by a large
mosquito-net, where the married couple and their small
children sleep. Today, however, many use hammocks and
even beds. Mosquito-nets that are set up during the
day indicate the presence of sick people or of a woman
who has given birth. The kitchen is a partially open
area, behind the house, where there is an earthen oven,
sometimes a gas stove. There are tables, but generally
they are used to pile things up, while the table
for meals is put on the ground, when the family comes
together to eat grilled or boiled fish with farinha,
salt and tucupi. There is never much furniture in the
Galibi-Marworno houses, but today, several families
have televisions and a parabolic antena, besides a prosdócimo,
as the Indians say, or freezer, that allows them
to preserve food and to chill water and drinks.
The farinha houses, called cabê,
are always located near the water-line, serve various
nuclear families, and are located especially where the
women spend many hours of the day, dehusking, scraping
and toasting manioc cereal. In the cabê one
can find traditional artifacts such as fine and thick
sifters, troughs, carrying-baskets, the beiju-turners,
the straw-fans, besides the large ovens.
Many families still live according to the traditional
ways: the men, after marriage, live in the house of
the parents of their wives for two to three years, sufficient
time for the marriage to consolidate, generally with
the birth of one or two children. Time, also, for the
young married husband to get the material necessary
for the construction of a new house. Nowadays, sometimes
the youths prefer to build a brick house which totally
transforms the traditional style of the village.
The relation between father-in-law and son-in-law
is peaceful and one of mutual help. In myths, however,
the tensions between affines are explicit, demonstrating
a movement to expel affinity from daily life to the
mythical plane. Nevertheless the status of father-in-law
is weighty. In a society in which an indigenous language
is not spoken, a youth extends to his father-in-laws
brothers the term by which he calls his father-in-law:
beau-père.
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