Contact of the Kaingang with non-indigenous society began at the end of the 18th Century and solidified in the mid-19th Century, when the first traditional political chiefs (Põ’í or Rekakê) accepted an alliance with the White conquerors (Fóg), by taking on the position of capitães. These capitães were fundamental in the pacification of scores of isolated groups who were subdued between 1840 and 1930. Among the consequences of this history, the processes of expropriation and exacerbation of conflicts over land stand out, not only from the invasions of their territories, but also because of intra-group Kaingang disputes, given that the factionalism characteristic of Jê groups exploded as a result of the contact situation. The Kaingang live on more than 30 Indigenous Lands which represent a small part of their traditional territories. By being distributed in four states, the situations of the communities display the most varied conditions. In all cases, however, their social structure and cosmological principles continue in effect, and are always being brought up to date by the different circumstances which the Kaingang experience.