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CONTEMPORARY ASPECTS   
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CONTEMPORARY ASPECTS

In 1968, Friar Gil Gomes Leitão succeeded in getting the Sororó indigenous lands interdicted, through presidential decree 63.367, of October 8, 1968. In 1975, a revision of the interdicted area, coordinated by the anthropologist Iara Ferraz, resulted in the demarcation, in 1979, of an area of 26,257 hectares, regulated by the FUNAI Decree 1.370, of September 24, 1979. Finally, this demarcation was homologated through Presidential decree 88.648, of August 30, 1983. With the growth of the population, this area has become small and the difficulty of enlargening it is great, since it is surrounded by innumerable private properties. The restitution of part of the land of the old villages and nut-groves that remained outside the demarcated area, is expected to take place over the next few years, at least it is included in the plans of the Funai.

The Suruí do not have an indigenous association. There are few who are literate and several children attend school in São Domingos do Araguaia. There is a school in the village, but it has functioned very irregularly. An indigenous nurse keeps the health post functioning, even though precariously. The more serious cases are sent to Marabá, about 100 kilometers away. The food situation leaves something to be desired, although they have introduced rice plantation and the raising of bovine cattle. Hunting is becoming ever more difficult, as is gathering. There is a FUNAI post with an indigenous person in charge For awhile they received assistance from the Vale do Rio Doce Company (food, medical assistance, agricultural tools and even a tractor, which at the moment is not working), through the Carajás project which, however, interrupted indefinitely. Although the Dominican missionaries, with headquarters in Marabá, have visited the village with frequency since the first contact, there are no active missions in the village. In 1996, several Indians commented on this absence, emphasizing thet they prefer to continue "being Indians and following their traditional religion".

Although they still have a village, the houses copy the models of regional dwellings, being divided into rooms. All Suruí wear clothes in the Western style, possess objects such as radios, sound players, firearms etc. The handcrafted hammocks have been substituted by hammocks bought in Marabá, but they still make wide bands of cotton for mothers to carry their children (tipóias). Ceramic pieces have been substituted by industrialized objects. The men do not wear their hair long and the ritual practice of piercing the lower lip is becoming ever more infrequent. Despite all this, they continue to utilize their native language and practice rituals, besides having a strong sentiment of ethnic identity.

 

Roque de Barros Laraia
University of Brasília
laraia@unb.br
September, 1998

 
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