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MATERIAL CULTURE   

 
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MATERIAL CULTURE

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The women produce collars using various materials, such as tucumã seeds, monkey teeth, armadillo beads and shell, hedgehog pelts and wild seeds. The tucumã nuts are broken, cut with a knife, bored, strung on a line at two points and polished with stone, sometimes measuring ten meters or more. At night, it is common for the women, generally the girls, to string the beads. They roll up the yarn, weaving the threads in a kind of crochet, the string being held by the big toe. They make hammocks, agoiab (straps) to carry the children and belts for men and women. Some of these belts and agoiab are painted with red dye and decorated with small collar strings. The looms are small and simple, these days using metal spindles, and clay whorls.

Besides the fabrics and collars, another art of the women is basketwork. There are baskets of the most diverse sizes, in which they keep objects, string, food, or the larger baskets for carrying food, hammocks, mats, fans, house-doors . There are various types of weaving, with or without red dye. To get an idea, an adô (a basket for carrying provisions from the garden), is made in less than an hour.

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Amidst all this production, the great Suruí art is still dark ceramics, from the smaller pots for makaloba (a fermented drink made of manioc or corn) to the small, beautiful gourds, with a mouth or not, where cut up red caju fruits are offered with great refinement and are served from little straw spoons, or larvae. In the ceramic plates, food offerings are made, with each person waiting his/her turn. The ceramics are made with the rolling technique, burnt twice, in the village or forest. On the first burning, an oven-like container is made with the embers of the fire, covering the ceramics. On the second burning, the ceramic piece is placed over the fire face-down. Men and women go out to get clay which is of excellent quality in the territory

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suruí.

The men make objects such as arrows with difficult-to-get bamboos. They are decorated with wild pig fur, cotton painted with red dye or genipap (blue-black) designs, a dark resin being used. Every arrow has its maker who can easily be identified. Each has a shape, a design, a purpose (for hunting different animals, fishing or warfare).Another object made by the men is the betiga or tembetá, an adornment which is used in the hole below the bottom lip by men and women, made of jatobá resin dried instantly, polished and delicately smoothed for hours. There are also the mixangáp, leg-rattles, used in the festivals; headdresses, various feather adornments for the festivals; combs; headdresses of straw that must be washed, dried and painted, and the flutes for the Hoeyateim. The men paint the women with genipap in the festivals. The men make the facial tattoos and even today bore holes in the lips of seven or eight year old children.

Besides these objects, it is the men who build the longhouses, the seclusion houses and the shelters.

 


01:: Photo: Jesco von Puttkamer/ IGPHA-UCG collection, 1969.

02:: Photo: Betty Mindlin, 1980.

05:: Boy in Sete de Setembro village. Photo: Jesco von Puttkamer/ IGPHA-UCG collection, 1969.

Betty Mindlin
anthropologist
arampia@nvcnet.com.br

Kanindé Association for ethno-environmental defense
kaninde@kaninde.org.br

Metareilá Organization of the Paiter Indigenous People
surui@nettravel.com.br

 

August, 2003

 
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