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Having been declared in permanent possession
of the Indians in 1985 and then revoked in 1990 by President
José Sarney, the Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau indigenous land was
once again homologated by decree by the then President
Collor in 1991. The area has a total extent of 1,867,117.
80 hectares and a perimeter of 8,656,153.01 meters.
It overlays the National Park of Pacaás Novos, created
in 1979.
The Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau Indigenous Land is administered
by the National Indian Foundation through the Regional
Administration of Porto Velho. It has three Indigenous
Posts (PIN), with hired Post heads: the PIN Comandante
Ari, PIN Trincheira and PIN Jamari, and – with no decrees
– the Indigenous Vigilance Posts (PIV) of Alto Jaru
(village of Arimã), Linha 623 (village of Paiajub),
the PIV Bananeira and the PIN Oro-win. There is even
an unofficial Indigenous Post called São Luiz, where
the Oro-win community lives, which is located on the
banks of the river of the same name and is attended
by the Regional Administration of Guajará Mirim. This
Post, however, has no administrative decree providing
for a head of the Indigenous Post or for a nurse’s aide,
which puts the Indians at a disadvantage in terms of
attendance.
The Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau indigenous land includes
part of the Pacaás Novos mountain range and the Uopianes
mountain range. The first is notable in having the highest
point of Rondônia, Tracoá Peak, with 1,230 meters altitude;
the second has altitudes no greater than 600 meters.
The landscapes are diversified and the geographical
relief in places is in the form of hills with or without
forest, or in the form of flat plateaus and residual
relief (inselbergs), many of them with caverns. The
area contains a rich biological diversity and untouched
spaces. It is also the source of the waters of at least
12 hydrographic sub-basins of Rondônia. On top of the
hills, it is common to find fields, sparse forest, and
other endemic formations, while on the edges one finds
open tropical forest and closed forest where there are
soils of greater depth.
The rivers are called Paraná in the Kawahib
language; the streams are called côo-via; the lakes,
ipapê-bua. The ciliate forest is called paraná-capura.
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